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HomeMy WebLinkAboutYelm Crossing - SEPA Checklist SignedSEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 1 SEPA Environmental Checklist Background 1. Name of proposed project, if applicable: Yelm Crossing 2. Name of applicant: Stefan and Gunnar Gehring 3. Address and phone number of applicant and contact person: Stefan and Gunnar Gehring 10910 26th Avenue South Lakewood, WA, 98499 (253) 606-2639 4. Date checklist prepared: November 5, 2025 5. Agency requesƟng checklist: City of Yelm 6. Proposed Ɵming of schedule (including phasing, if applicable): Project construcƟon is scheduled to begin Summer 2026 and is expected to last approximately 3 months. 7. Do you have any plans for future addiƟons, expansion, or further acƟvity related to or connected with this proposal? If yes, explain. AŌer compleƟon of the on-site access road, there will be commercial development on each pad on the site. 8. List any environmental informaƟon you know about that has been prepared, or will be prepared, directly related to this proposal.  Pocket Gopher Study, Key Environmental SoluƟons LLC, August 15, 2025.  Environmental Site Assessment, Atlas Technical Consultants LLC, October 10, 2023 9. Do you know whether applicaƟons are pending for governmental approvals of other proposals directly affecƟng the property covered by your proposal? If yes, explain. There are no applicaƟons for governmental approvals pending that would affect this project. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 2 10. List any government approvals or permits that will be needed for your proposal, if known.  NaƟonal PolluƟon Discharge EliminaƟon System (NPDES) ConstrucƟon Stormwater General Permit, Ecology  Building Permit, City of Yelm  Grading and UƟliƟes Permits, City of Yelm  ROW Permit, WSDOT 11. Give brief, complete descripƟon of your proposal, including the proposed uses and the size of the project and site. There are several quesƟons later in this checklist that ask you to describe certain aspects of your proposal. You do not need to repeat those answers on this page. (Lead agencies may modify this form to include addiƟonal specific informaƟon on project descripƟon.) Yelm Crossing is a proposed commercial development located within the City of Yelm. The specific building uses and sizes are currently undetermined and may change as the project advances, but will most likely consist of quick-serve restaurants and car wash/convenience stores. The site is a single 7.1 acre parcel and will consist of five commercial pads to be developed in the future. 12. LocaƟon of the proposal. Give sufficient informaƟon for a person to understand the precise locaƟon of your proposed project, including a street address, if any, and secƟon, township, and range, if known. If a proposal would occur over a range of area, provide the range or boundaries of the site(s). Provide a legal descripƟon, site plan, vicinity map, and topographic map, if reasonably available. While you should submit any plans required by the agency, you are not required to duplicate maps or detailed plans submiƩed with any permit applicaƟons related to this checklist. The project is located at the northwest corner of SR 507 and Wal-Mart Boulevard and is currently an undeveloped parcel with parcel number 6430310090. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 3 Environmental Elements 1. Earth a. General descripƟon of the site: The project site currently an undeveloped parcel. Site topography is relaƟvely flat, with a topographic relief of about seven feet between the southwestern and northwestern site corners. Site vegetaƟon consists of mainly grasses and brush with several coniferous and deciduous trees scaƩered across the site. Circle or highlight one: Flat, rolling, hilly, steep slopes, mountainous, other: b. What is the steepest slope on the site (approximate percent slope)? The steepest slope is approximately 5%. c. What general types of soils are found on the site (for example, clay, sand, gravel, peat, muck)? If you know the classificaƟon of agricultural soils, specify them, and note any agricultural land of long-term commercial significance and whether the proposal results in removing any of these soils. The naƟve soils primarily consist of sand and gravel with variable minor proporƟons of silt, cobbles, and boulders that are interpreted to be glacial recessional outwash deposits. (Terra Associates, 2024). d. Are there surface indicaƟons or history of unstable soils in the immediate vicinity? If so, describe. According to the Thurston County GIS site and project Geotechnical report, there are no unstable soils within the project site. e. Describe the purpose, type, total area, and approximate quanƟƟes and total affected area of any filling, excavaƟon, and grading proposed. Indicate source of fill.  ExcavaƟon: 150 cubic yards  Fill: 750 cubic yards  Depth of excavaƟon: approximately 5 feet  Fill will be sourced from Puget Paving f. Could erosion occur because of clearing, construcƟon, or use? If so, generally describe. Yes, erosion could occur during construcƟon as a result of clearing and grading but is unlikely due to the flat nature of the site. Temporary and permanent SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 4 erosion control and construcƟon best management pracƟces (BMPs) will be in place during and aŌer the project's compleƟon. g. About what percent of the site will be covered with impervious surfaces aŌer project construcƟon (for example, asphalt or buildings)?  Current percentage of impervious surface: 0%  Approximate final percentage of impervious surface: 77% h. Proposed measures to reduce or control erosion, or other impacts to the earth, if any. The use of construcƟon BMPs will reduce the risk of erosion during construcƟon, and this will include adhering to a Temporary Erosion and Sediment Control (TESC) plan. 2. Air a. What types of emissions to the air would result from the proposal during construc Ɵon, operaƟon, and maintenance when the project is completed? If any, generally describe and give approximate quanƟƟes if known. Emissions consistent with construction activities, such as those from trucks, heavy equipment, and dust, are expected during construction. Once complete, emissions would be generated from vehicles visiting the site. b. Are there any off-site sources of emissions or odor that may affect your proposal? If so, generally describe. There are no off-site sources of emissions or odors that would affect the project. c. Proposed measures to reduce or control emissions or other impacts to air, if any: Proposed measures anticipated during construction include, but are not limited to, using dust control to prevent fugitive dust and avoiding unnecessary idling of construction equipment for extended periods of time. 3. Water a. Surface: 1. Is there any surface water body on or in the immediate vicinity of the site (including year-round and seasonal streams, saltwater, lakes, ponds, wetlands)? If yes, describe type and provide names. If appropriate, state what stream or river it flows into. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 5 There are no surface water bodies on-site. There is a wetland approximately 0.3 miles west of the site. It is classified as a freshwater emergent wetland. 2. Will the project require any work over, in, or adjacent to (within 200 feet) the described waters? If yes, please describe and aƩach available plans. No. 3. EsƟmate the amount of fill and dredge material that would be placed in or removed from surface water or wetlands and indicate the area of the site that would be affected. Indicate the source of fill material. No amount of fill and dredge material will be placed or removed from the waters. 4. Will the proposal require surface water withdrawals or diversions? Give a general descripƟon, purpose, and approximate quanƟƟes if known. None required. 5. Does the proposal lie within a 100-year floodplain? If so, note locaƟon on the site plan. The project is fully within FEMA Zone X, and has a minimal flood hazard. 6. Does the proposal involve any discharge of waste materials to surface waters? If so, describe the type of waste and anƟcipated volume of discharge. No waste materials will be discharged to surface waters. b. Ground Water: 1. Will groundwater be withdrawn from a well for drinking water or other purposes? If so, give a general descripƟon of the well, proposed uses and approximate quanƟƟes withdrawn from the well. Will water be discharged to groundwater? Give a general descripƟon, purpose, and approximate quanƟƟes if known. No groundwater will be withdrawn from a well. 2. Describe waste material that will be discharged into the ground from sepƟc tanks or other sources, if any (domesƟc sewage; industrial, containing the following chemicals…; agricultural; etc.). Describe the general size of the system, the number of such systems, the number of houses to be served (if applicable), or the number of animals or humans the system(s) are expected to serve. No waste materials will be discharged into the ground. c. Water Runoff (including stormwater): 1. Describe the source of runoff (including storm water) and method of collec Ɵon and disposal, if any (include quanƟƟes, if known). Where will this water flow? Will this water flow into other waters? If so, describe The sources of runoff will be from asphalt/concrete pavement and roof areas on-site. The stormwater will be collected by on-site storm infrastructure, treated per Ecology requirements, and finally infiltrated on-site. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 6 2. Could waste materials enter ground or surface waters? If so, generally describe. Petroleum products will be used on the project site during construc Ɵon; however, a Spill PrevenƟon, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan will be implemented during construcƟon. 3. Does the proposal alter or otherwise affect drainage paƩerns in the vicinity of the site? If so, describe. No, the project will not alter or affect drainage paƩerns in the vicinity of the site. d. Proposed measures to reduce or control surface, ground, and runoff water, and drainage paƩern impacts, if any: Typical BMPs used during construcƟon may include:  ConstrucƟon acƟviƟes will be conducted in compliance with Ecology’s construcƟon stormwater NPDES permit requirements, the Surface Water Quality Standards for Washington (WAC 173-201A), or other condiƟons as specified in the Water Quality CerƟficate (WQC) if required.  Petroleum products, fresh cement, lime, concrete, chemicals, or other toxic or deleterious materials will not be allowed onto land where there is a potenƟal for reentry into surface waters.  Fuel hoses, oil drums, oil or fuel transfer valves, fiƫngs, etc., will be checked regularly for leaks, and materials will be maintained and stored properly to prevent spills.  The contractor will prepare a Spill PrevenƟon Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan and use it during all in-water demoliƟon and construcƟon operaƟons. A copy of the plan will be maintained at the work site.  The SPCC plan will outline BMPs, responsive acƟons in the event of a spill or release, and noƟficaƟon and reporƟng procedures. The plan will also outline management elements, such as personnel responsibili Ɵes, Project Site security, site inspecƟons, and training.  The SPCC plan will outline the measures to prevent the release or spread of hazardous materials found on site and encountered during construc Ɵon but not idenƟfied in contract documents, including any hazardous materials that are stored, used, or generated on the construcƟon site during construcƟon acƟviƟes. These items include but are not limited to, gasoline, diesel fuel, oils, and chemicals.  Applicable spill response equipment and material will be designated in the SPCC plan.  The stormwater treatment and disposal system will be designed in accordance with the jurisdicƟons’ Development Standards and the Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 7 4. Plants a. Check the types of vegetaƟon found on the site: ☒ deciduous tree: alder, ash, maple, aspen, other ☒ evergreen tree: fir, cedar, pine, other ☒ shrubs ☒ grass ☐ pasture ☐ crop or grain ☐ orchards, vineyards, or other permanent crops. ☐ wet soil plants: caƩail, buƩercup, bullrush, skunk cabbage, other ☐ water plants: water lily, eelgrass, milfoil, other ☐ other types of vegetaƟon b. What kind and amount of vegetaƟon will be removed or altered? The site will be cleared to construct the on-site access road, which will result in the removal of grasses, shrubs and some trees. Roughly 44,000 SF of vegetaƟon will be removed as part of the access road construcƟon. c. List threatened and endangered species known to be on or near the site. A Pocket Gopher study was performed in August 2025 and found no evidence of pocket gophers. No threatened or endangered species are known to be on or near the site. d. Proposed landscaping, use of naƟve plants, or other measures to preserve or enhance vegetaƟon on the site, if any. All disturbed areas outside of the paved surface will be hydroseeded with an approved mix and landscaped per City requirements. e. List all noxious weeds and invasive species known to be on or near the site. The Thurston and Pierce County GIS maps show there are no noxious weeds on or near the site. 5. Animals a. List any birds and other animals that have been observed on or near the site or are known to be on or near the site. Examples include: SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 8  Birds: hawk, heron, eagle, songbirds, other:  Mammals: deer, bear, elk, beaver, other: animals adapted to urban habitats  Fish: bass, salmon, trout, herring, shellfish, other: b. List any threatened and endangered species known to be on or near the site. The USFWS IPaC lists threatened and endangered species potenƟally occurring in the project area. Mammals  Roy Prairie Pocket Gopher (Thomomys mazama glacialis)  Yelm Pocket Gopher (Thomomys mazama yelmensis) Birds  Streaked Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata)  Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)  Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)  Northern SpoƩed Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) RepƟles  Northwestern Pond Turtle (AcƟnemys marmorata) Fish  Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) Insects  Monarch BuƩerfly (Danaus plexippus) None of these species were observed onsite during field exploraƟons. c. Is the site part of a migraƟon route? If so, explain. The enƟre state of Washington is located in the Pacific Flyway, extending from Mexico northward into Canada and Alaska. Non-ESA listed migratory birds that are likely to be found in the area include but are not limited to: eagles, osprey, swi Ōs, gulls, and hummingbirds. d. Proposed measures to preserve or enhance wildlife, if any. The project will preserve natural areas wherever feasible. e. List any invasive animal species known to be on or near the site. There are no known invasive animal species known to be on or near the site. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 9 6. Energy and natural resources a. What kinds of energy (electric, natural gas, oil, wood stove, solar) will be used to meet the completed project's energy needs? Describe whether it will be used for heaƟng, manufacturing, etc. Diesel and gasoline will be needed to power vehicles and construc Ɵon equipment. AŌer project compleƟon, electric and natural gas will be used. b. Would your project affect the potenƟal use of solar energy by adjacent properƟes? If so, generally describe. The project will not affect the potenƟal use of solar energy by adjacent properƟes. c. What kinds of energy conservaƟon features are included in the plans of this proposal? List other proposed measures to reduce or control energy impacts, if any.  Compliance with the Washington State Energy Code. 7. Environmental health a. Are there any environmental health hazards, including exposure to toxic chemicals, risk of fire and explosion, spill, or hazardous waste, that could occur because of this proposal? If so, describe. No toxic or hazardous chemicals will be stored, used, or produced during the operaƟng life of the project as a trail. During site disturbance and construcƟon acƟviƟes, the contractor will adhere to the applicable noise, dust and vibraƟon standards. 1. Describe any known or possible contaminaƟon at the site from present or past uses. There is no known contaminaƟon at the project site based on the Department of Ecology’s What’s in My Neighborhood: Toxics Cleanup website. 2. Describe exisƟng hazardous chemicals/condiƟons that might affect project development and design. This includes underground hazardous liquid and gas transmission pipelines located within the project area and in the vicinity. There are no known hazardous chemicals or condiƟons that would affect the project development or design. 3. Describe any toxic or hazardous chemicals that might be stored, used, or produced during the project's development or construc Ɵon, or at any Ɵme during the operaƟng life of the project. ConstrucƟon equipment will use petroleum-based fuels and petroleum- or vegetable-based lubricants. The contractor will prepare and implement an SPCC plan to avoid, minimize, and, if necessary, respond to fuel and lubricant releases during construcƟon. No toxic or hazardous chemicals are anƟcipated to be stored, used, or produced on-site during the lifeƟme of the project. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 10 4. Describe special emergency services that might be required. No special emergency services would be needed for the project. 5. Proposed measures to reduce or control environmental health hazards, if any. No environmental health hazards are anƟcipated, thus no miƟgaƟon is required. b. Noise 1. What types of noise exist in the area which may affect your project (for example: traffic, equipment, operaƟon, other)? There are no noise sources in the area that would affect the project. 2. What types and levels of noise would be created by or associated with the project on a short-term or a long-term basis (for example: traffic, construcƟon, operaƟon, other)? Indicate what hours noise would come from the site)? Noise would be generated during the day at the construc Ɵon site from the use of equipment such as:  Bulldozers  Front-end loaders  Excavators  Road graders  Dump trucks  Concrete trucks  Skid steer Temporary construcƟon noise is exempt from the maximum permissible environmental sound levels (WAC 173-60-050(3)(a)). ConstrucƟon will occur during typical dayƟme operaƟng hours and potenƟally evening/nighƫme. Post construcƟon, noise on-site would be generated by car wash equipment and vehicle traffic. 3. Proposed measures to reduce or control noise impacts, if any: Noise minimizaƟon methods such as prohibiƟng pure-tone backup alarms, restricƟng diesel-powered equipment locaƟons, using conƟnuous loading methods, and installing temporary noise barriers may be used to limit the effect of construc Ɵon noise. 8. Land and shoreline use a. What is the current use of the site and adjacent proper Ɵes? Will the proposal affect current land uses on nearby or adjacent properƟes? If so, describe. The project site is not currently in use. Surrounding uses include a gun shop to the west, residenƟal to the north, Wal-Mart to the east, and undeveloped land to the South. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 11 b. Has the project site been used as working farmlands or working forest lands? If so, describe. How much agricultural or forest land of long-term commercial significance will be converted to other uses because of the proposal, if any? If resource lands have not been designated, how many acres in farmland or forest land tax status will be converted to nonfarm or nonforest use? The project site has not been used as working farmlands or working forest lands. 1. Will the proposal affect or be affected by surrounding working farm or forest land normal business operaƟons, such as oversize equipment access, the applicaƟon of pesƟcides, Ɵlling, and harvesƟng? If so, how? The project will not affect or be affected by surrounding working farm or forest lands. c. Describe any structures on the site. There are no exisƟng structures on-site. d. Will any structures be demolished? If so, what? No, as there are none on the site. e. What is the current zoning classificaƟon of the site? The zoning classificaƟon of the site is C-3 Large Lot Commercial. f. What is the current comprehensive plan designaƟon of the site? The comprehensive plan designaƟon of the site is C-3 Large Lot Commercial. g. If applicable, what is the current shoreline master program designaƟon of the site? The site has does not have a shoreline designaƟon. h. Has any part of the site been classified as a criƟcal area by the city or county? If so, specify. The project site has not been classified as a criƟcal area by the City or County. i. Approximately how many people would reside or work in the completed project? There will be no people residing on site. There will be employees working on-site, but we do not know exact numbers at this Ɵme. Approximately 20-30 workers. j. Approximately how many people would the completed project displace? The project will not displace anyone. k. Proposed measures to avoid or reduce displacement impacts, if any. No impacts are anƟcipated, thus no measures are required. l. Proposed measures to ensure the proposal is compaƟble with exisƟng and projected land uses and plans, if any. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 12 The project will be consistent with exisƟng land uses and the current Comprehensive Plan and zoning requirements of the City of Yelm. m. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts to agricultural and forest lands of long-term commercial significance, if any: No impacts are anƟcipated, thus no measures are required. 9. Housing a. Approximately how many units would be provided, if any? Indicate whether high, middle, or low-income housing. The proposed project does not include any housing. b. Approximately how many units, if any, would be eliminated? Indicate whether high, middle, or low-income housing. There is no housing on the site, thus none will be eliminated. c. Proposed measures to reduce or control housing impacts, if any: No impacts are anƟcipated, thus no measures are required. 10. Aesthetics b. What is the tallest height of any proposed structure(s), not including antennas; what is the principal exterior building material(s) proposed? The tallest height of a proposed structure will be approximately 20 feet. c. What views in the immediate vicinity would be altered or obstructed? No views will be obstructed. d. Proposed measures to reduce or control aestheƟc impacts, if any: No impacts idenƟfied, no measures proposed. 11. Light and glare a. What type of light or glare will the proposal produce? What Ɵme of day would it mainly occur? The completed project will have outdoor lighƟng that will be dark sky compliant. LighƟng used during night-Ɵme construcƟon or Ɵmes of low light, if needed, will be used only in acƟve work areas and for safety. ConstrucƟon night-Ɵme lighƟng, if nighƫme construcƟon is needed, will be direcƟonal and will minimize glare and light spillage to the extent pracƟcable. b. Could light or glare from the finished project be a safety hazard or interfere with views? SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 13 The finished project will have outdoor lighƟng that is dark sky compliant and won’t create a safety hazard or interfere with views. c. What exisƟng off-site sources of light or glare may affect your proposal? Street lighƟng from SR 507 and Wal-Mart Boulevard. d. Proposed measures to reduce or control light and glare impacts, if any: No impacts are anƟcipated. 12. Recreation a. What designated and informal recreaƟonal opportuniƟes are in the immediate vicinity? There are no designated or informal recreaƟon opportuniƟes in the immediate vicinity of the site. b. Would the proposed project displace any exisƟng recreaƟonal uses? If so, describe. The project would not displace any exisƟng recreaƟonal uses. c. Proposed measures to reduce or control impacts on recreaƟon, including recreaƟon opportuniƟes to be provided by the project or applicant, if any: There are no impacts on recreaƟon from this project, so no miƟgaƟon measures are proposed. 13. Historic and cultural preservation a. Are there any buildings, structures, or sites, located on or near the site that are over 45 years old listed in or eligible for lisƟng in naƟonal, state, or local preservaƟon registers? If so, specifically describe. There are no buildings or structure on or near the site that are eligible for preservaƟon. b. Are there any landmarks, features, or other evidence of Indian or historic use or occupaƟon? This may include human burials or old cemeteries. Are there any material evidence, arƟfacts, or areas of cultural importance on or near the site? Please list any professional studies conducted at the site to idenƟfy such resources. A cultural resources inventory was conducted for this project. WSDOT performed one as part of the SR 507/510 project and the Nisqually tribe found no archaeological/cultural concerns with the site. c. Describe the methods used to assess the potenƟal impacts to cultural and historic resources on or near the project site. Examples include consultaƟon with tribes and the department of archeology and historic preservaƟon, archaeological surveys, historic maps, GIS data, etc. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 14 WSDOT worked with the Nisqually tribe as part of their project, but we only have the Tribe’s response. d. Proposed measures to avoid, minimize, or compensate for loss, changes to, and disturbance to resources. Please include plans for the above and any permits that may be required. No impacts to historic or cultural resources are anƟcipated, hence no measures are required. 14. Transportation a. IdenƟfy public streets and highways serving the site or affected geographic area and describe proposed access to the exisƟng street system. Show on site plans, if any. SR 507 bounds the site to the south, and Walmart Boulevard (soon to be SR 510) to the east. The project will derive one access locaƟon on each of the frontage roads. b. Is the site or affected geographic area currently served by public transit? If so, generally describe. If not, what is the approximate distance to the nearest transit stop? There is an intercity transit route 94 bus stop on Walmart Boulevard directly east of the site. c. Will the proposal require any new or improvements to exisƟng roads, streets, pedestrian, bicycle, or state transportaƟon faciliƟes, not including driveways? If so, generally describe (indicate whether public or private). The project will not require any improvements to exisƟng roads as WSDOT has a project that will improve both frontage roads. d. Will the project or proposal use (or occur in the immediate vicinity of) water, rail, or air transportaƟon? If so, generally describe. No. e. How many vehicular trips per day would be generated by the completed project or proposal? If known, indicate when peak volumes would occur and what percentage of the volume would be trucks (such as commercial and nonpassenger vehicles). What data or transportaƟon models were used to make these esƟmates? The project is anƟcipated to generate 1,306 average weekday daily trips. Peak trips would occur during the aŌernoon/evening. A minimal volume would be trucks, they would be for supplies to the stores. f. Will the proposal interfere with, affect, or be affected by the movement of agricultural and forest products on roads or streets in the area? If so, generally describe. The project will not interfere with, affect, or be affected by the movement of agricultural or forest products. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 15 g. Proposed measures to reduce or control transportaƟon impacts, if any: There are no negaƟve impacts on transportaƟon anƟcipated from this project. 15. Public services a. Would the project result in an increased need for public services (for example: fire protecƟon, police protecƟon, public transit, health care, schools, other)? If so, generally describe. The project is not anƟcipated to create a need for addiƟonal public services. b. Proposed measures to reduce or control direct impacts on public services, if any. No impacts to public services are anƟcipated, thus no measures are required. 16. Utilities a. Circle uƟliƟes currently available at the site: electricity, natural gas, water, refuse service, telephone, sanitary sewer, sepƟc system, other: b. Describe the uƟliƟes that are proposed for the project, the uƟlity providing the service, and the general construcƟon acƟviƟes on the site or in the immediate vicinity which might be needed. Sewer, water, gas, electric and telecom uƟliƟes will be installed as part of this project. SEPA Environmental checklist (WAC 197-11-960) Page 16 Signature The above answers are true and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that the lead agency is relying on them to make its decision. X Type name of signee: Will Schuur, PE PosiƟon and agency/organizaƟon: President, JKA Civil Engineering, Inc. Date submiƩed: