HomeMy WebLinkAbout2026-0403 Yelm VMP - Pollution Source Control Program
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Pollution Source Control Program
Located at:
Assessor’s Tax Parcel Number(s): 21724440500, 62320000002
Program Operator/Property Owner: City of Yelm
Program Document Prepared by: LDC, Inc.
Date: April 2026
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Table of Contents
Cover Sheet – Program Information
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives of this Program
1.2 About this Program
1.3 What are Best Management Practices?
1.3.1 Source Control BMPs
1.3.2 Treatment BMPs
1.4 What is in this document?
2.0 Your Stormwater Facilities
3.0 Principles of Pollution Prevention
4.0 General Source Control BMPs
Table 1 – General Source Control BMPs
5.0 Specific BMPs for your Site
Table 2 – Operation Source Control Practices Summary
Implementing this Pollution Source Control Program
Formation of a Pollution Prevention Team
Employee Training
Inspection
Record Keeping
Appendices
Appendix A – Commercial and Industrial Activities Worksheet
Appendix B – Activity Sheets
Appendix C – Annual Report Checklist
Appendix D – Spill Control Plan [not required]
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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives of This Program
To implement and maintain best management practices (BMPs) that identify, reduce, eliminate, and/or
prevent the discharge of stormwater pollutants.
To prevent violations of surface water quality, groundwater quality, and sediment management
standards.
To eliminate the discharges of un-permitted process wastewater, domestic wastewater, non-contact
cooling water and other illicit discharges to stormwater drainage systems.
1.2 About This Program
All commercial and industrial properties and activities, including multi-family residential complexes (i.e.
apartments, condominiums), non-residential special uses, and government facilities in the City of
Yelm that have the potential to contribute pollutants to stormwater runoff or directly to receiving
waters are required to implement stormwater pollution prevention source control measures.
Stormwater runoff may seep into the ground, drain to a storm drain or a drainage ditch, or flow over the
ground. Regardless of the way runoff leaves your site, it ends up in a stream river, lake, wetland,
groundwater, or Puget Sound.
All known, available and reasonable source control BMPs shall be applied to your site. Source control
BMPs shall be selected, designed, and maintained in accordance with Volume IV of the Department of
Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (SWMMWW).
Many people believe that stormwater runoff is “clean” and does not harm water quality. This
perception is understandable since the amount of pollution from any one place is not usually significant
by itself. However, when all these small amounts are combined, they can cause significant pollution
problems. Contaminated stormwater can negatively affect every water body it enters. Therefore, this
plan provides detailed information to reduce the contamination of surface water, groundwater, and
stormwater from your property and/or business.
The federal Clean Water Act mandates that cities and counties control the quality of stormwater runoff.
One way to achieve this is to implement pollution prevention measures on individual properties. By
following the “Best Management Practices” for your business or stormwater management site as
described in this program, you can do your part to protect our streams, groundwater, and Puget Sound.
1.3 What Are Best Management Practices?
Best Management Practices (BMPs) are a set of activities designed to reduce stormwater pollution.
BMPs are separated into two broad categories: source control and treatment. Applicable BMPs for your
business have been selected from the most recent published edition of the Department of Ecology
Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Volume IV.
1.3.1 Source Control BMPs
Source control BMPs prevent contaminants from entering stormwater runoff by controlling them at the
source. Some source control BMPs are operational, meaning they are tasks or actions such as checking
regularly for leaks and drips from equipment and vehicles, covering materials that have potential to add
pollutants to surface water if rainwater comes in contact with the materials, and minimizing use of
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pesticides, fertilizers, and insecticides. Other source control BMPs require use of a structure to prevent
rainwater from contacting materials that will contaminate stormwater runoff such as providing a
covered area or berm to prevent clean stormwater from entering work or storage areas.
1.3.2 Treatment BMPs
In contrast, treatment BMPs are structures that treat stormwater to remove contaminants. Treatment
BMPs typically require planning, engineering design, and construction. A stormwater treatment pond is
an example of a treatment BMP. No treatment BMP is capable of removing 100 percent of the
contaminants in stormwater and the less contaminant in the stormwater the more effective the
treatment BMP is.
Just because there is a stormwater collection system serving your property, it does not necessarily mean
that the stormwater is treated. Many sites were developed prior to requirements to treat stormwater.
Runoff from your property may go directly or indirectly to a stream or wetland without any treatment.
This plan focuses on source control BMPs applicable to the routine practices of your business and/or
property.
1.4 What is in This Document?
This plan has been customized for your business and/or property relevant to operations that may occur.
Changes to site use or types of activities that take place on your property may require an update to this
program.
The plan is divided as follows:
Sections
• Introduction
• Your Stormwater Facilities
• Principles of Pollution Prevention
• General Source Control BMPs
• Specific BMPs for Your Site
• Implementing this Pollution Source
Control Program
Appendices
• A – Commercial and Industrial Activities Worksheet
• B – Applicable Facility Activity Sheets
• C – Annual Report Checklist
• D – Spill Control Plan (Not applicable)
• E – Integrated Pest Management Plan (Not
Applicable)
2.0 Your Stormwater Facilities
The proposed project improvements are considered to be eleven drainage basins. Stormwater runoff
within onsite Basin 1 will be collected by catch basins and conveyed to an underground infiltration facility
where the stormwater runoff will receive basic treatment via fully infiltrating through the native soils.
Stormwater runoff from the memorial walk in onsite Basin 2 sheet flow to the wetland, where the
stormwater runoff will be fully dispersed. Off-Site Basins 1 through 8 will provide flow control via
bioretention swales sized per BMP T7.30. Off-Site Basin 9 will provide flow control via sheet flow
dispersion.
3.0 Principles of Pollution Prevention
This section describes the 15 general principles of pollution prevention that every business owner
should consider. Most of these practices are common sense, “housekeeping” types of solutions to
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pollution prevention.
1. Avoid the activity or reduce its occurrence
Avoid potentially polluting activity or do it less frequently. Apply lawn/landscape care chemicals
following directions and only as needed. Do not apply herbicides right before it rains.
2. Move the activity indoors
Move a potentially polluting activity indoors out of the weather. This prevents runoff contamination
and provides more control for a cleanup if a spill occurs.
3. Cleanup spills quickly
Promptly contain and cleanup solid and liquid pollutant leaks and spills on exposed soil, vegetation,
or paved areas. Use readily available absorbents such as kitty litter to absorb spills and then sweep
up the material and dispose of it properly. Repair leaks on vehicles and equipment.
4. Use less material
Do not buy or use more material than you really need. This not only helps keep potential disposal,
storage and pollution problems to a minimum, but will probably save you money.
5. Use the least toxic materials available
Investigate the use of materials that are less toxic. For example, replace a caustic-type detergent or
solvent with a more environmentally friendly product. If you do switch to a biodegradable product,
remember that only uncontaminated water is allowed to enter the stormwater drainage system.
6. Create and maintain vegetated areas near activity locations
Vegetation can filter pollutants out of stormwater. Route stormwater from parking and work areas
through vegetated areas. Remember that wastewater other than stormwater runoff, such as wash
water, must be discharged to a wastewater collection system (sewer or septic system).
7. Locate activities as far as possible from surface drainage paths
Locate activities away from storm drains, ditches, streams, and other water bodies to reduce the
potential to pollute. It will take longer for material to reach the drainage features providing more
time to react to a spill, or “housekeeping” issue and protect local waters long enough to cleanup.
8. Maintain stormwater drainage systems
Pollutants concentrate over time in catch basins, ditches, and storm drains. When a storm event
occurs, turbulent runoff can mobilize these pollutants and carry them to receiving waters. Perform
regular maintenance on stormwater facilities to prevent this from occurring.
9. Reduce, reuse, and recycle as much as possible
Look for ways to recycle. This saves money and keeps hazardous and non-hazardous materials out of
landfills. Contact the City of Yelm Waste Resources division for more information on recycling
opportunities in the City.
10. Be an advocate for stormwater pollution prevention
Help friends, neighbors, and business associates find ways to reduce stormwater pollution in their
activities. Most people want clean water and do not pollute intentionally. Share your ideas and the
BMPs in this plan to get them thinking about how their everyday activities affect water quality.
11. Report problems
We all must do our part to protect water, fish, wildlife, and our own health by implementing proper
BMPs, and reporting water quality problems that we observe. Call the City of Yelm Public Works at
360 .458.8406 to report dumping to storm drains or ditches.
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12. Provide oversight and training
Talk to your employees, or if you are a landlord talk to your tenants, to ensure they understand the
pollution prevention source control measures and BMPs described in this program. If you are a
landlord, you are still responsible for the activities of your tenants. Monitor the activities of your
tenants to ensure that they are carrying out the principles of this program. See Section 6.0 of this
document regarding implementation of this program.
13. Dust control
Sweep parking and storage areas regularly to collect and dispose of dust and debris that could
contaminate stormwater. Do not hose down pollutants from any area to the ground, storm drain,
conveyance ditch or any receiving water (stream, wetland, lake, etc.). Do not use oil or other
petroleum products for dust control. Only light watering of dirt or gravel roads or parking areas
should be conducted to prevent any runoff of stormwater from the surface.
14. Eliminate illicit connections
Occasionally businesses have internal building drains, sump overflows, sump pumps, outdoor sinks
and showers, and even sanitary sewer and septic system pipes that were inadvertently connected to
the storm drainage system in the past.
Examine the plumbing system for your business to determine if illicit connections exist. Toilets, sinks,
appliances, showers, bathtubs, floor drains, industrial process waters, and other indoor activities
found to be connected to the stormwater drainage system must be immediately rerouted to the
sanitary sewer or septic system, holding tanks, or process treatment system. For assistance in
methods to detect and eliminate illicit connections contact the City of Yelm Public Works.
15. Dispose of waste properly
Every business and residence in City of Yelm must dispose of solid and liquid wastes and
contaminated stormwater properly. There are generally four options for disposal depending on the
type of materials. These options include:
• Sanitary sewer and septic systems.
• Recycling facilities
• Municipal solid waste disposal facilities
• Hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities.
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4.0 General and Applicable (Mandatory) to All Sites Source Control Best
Management Practices
This section briefly summarizes source control BMPs and corrective actions that are applicable to all
types of sites, not just your property and include both general source control BMPs and those that are
applicable (mandatory) to all sites. (See SWMMW Volume IV, Section IV-1 (Source Control BMPs
Applicable (Mandatory) to All sites.
In the next section, BMPs specific to your business will be identified, but these general BMPs should be
implemented at all times regardless of site-specific activities. In some cases, the Activity Sheets in
Appendix B will reference the BMPs in this section.
Table 1: General Source Control and Applicable (Mandatory) to All Sites Source Control BMPs
BMP CATEGORY DESCRIPTION
APPLICABLE (MANDATORY) TO ALL SITES
S108
Correcting Illicit
Discharges to
Storm Drains
1. Use building and site plans and examine plumbing systems to determine if
illegal connections exist.
2. Consider dye testing to determine where a pipe or structure drains.
3. Consider smoke testing (best done by qualified professional).
4. Contact City of Yelm Public Works for assistance.
5. Plug, disconnect or reroute to sewer/septic system any drains found
connected to the stormwater drainage system.
S101 Formation of a
Pollution
Prevention Team
Refer to Section 6.1 below for details.
S102 Preventive
Maintenance/Good
Housekeeping
1. Prevent the discharge of unpermitted liquid or solid wastes, process
wastewater, and sewage to ground or surface waters.
2. Promptly contain and clean up leaks and spills.
3. If a contaminated surface must be pressure washed, collect the resulting
washwater.
4. Do not hose down pollutants to the ground, storm drains , conveyance
ditches, or receiving water.
5. Do not connect floor drains in potential pollutant source areas to storm
drains.
S104 Spill
Prevention and
Cleanup
1. Clearly label or mark all containers.
2. Use drip pans.
3. Develop and implement a spill plan and update it annually.
4. Designate spill response staff to be on-site during business activities.
5. Store all cleanup kits near areas with a high potential for spills.
6. Stop, contain and clean up all spills immediately upon discovery.
S105 Employee
Training
Refer to Section 6.2 below for details.
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BMP CATEGORY DESCRIPTION
APPLICABLE (MANDATORY) TO ALL SITES
S106 Inspections Refer to Section 6.3 below for details.
S107 Record
Keeping
Refer to Section 6.4 below for details
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5.0 Specific BMPs for Your Site
Every business in the City of Yelm is required to use the BMPs described in the Department of
Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington to control stormwater pollution.
Table 2 on the following pages contains a summary list of all activities identified on the worksheet
(Appendix A – Activities Worksheet) as occurring on your site. This table should be posted in an
appropriate location for employees to see. Full descriptions of the source control BMPs specified in
Table 2 can be found in Appendix B – Activity Sheets and in SWMMWW Volume IV.
[This Area Intentionally Blank]
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Table 2 – Operational Source Control Practices Summary
[Note: S411 is required for stormwater facilities located within City drinking water (wellhead) protection
areas. It is optional for stormwater facilities not located within a wellhead protection area.]
ACTIVITY SOURCE CONTROL BMPS
(SEE ACTIVITY SHEET IN ATTACHMENT B FOR MORE INFORMATION)
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S411
Landscaping and
Lawn/Vegetation
Management
Required practice for stormwater facilities located within a designated
drinking water (wellhead) protection area:
1. Only slow-release fertilizers shall be applied for the life of the development
at a maximum amount of 4 pounds of nitrate as Nitrogen annually and no
more than 1 pound per application for every 1,000 square feet of turf grass.
Only fertilizer formulas with a minimum of 50% water insoluble form of
nitrogen are permitted for use. Approved water insoluble forms of nitrogen
include sulfur and/or polymer coated fertilizers, Isobutylidene Diurea (IBDU),
Methylene Urea and Ureaform, and organic fertilizers registered with
Washington Department of Agriculture.
Tahoma Ranch
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ACTIVITY SOURCE CONTROL BMPS
(SEE ACTIVITY SHEET IN ATTACHMENT B FOR MORE INFORMATION)
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ACTIVITY SOURCE CONTROL BMPS
(SEE ACTIVITY SHEET IN ATTACHMENT B FOR MORE INFORMATION)
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ACTIVITY SOURCE CONTROL BMPS
(SEE ACTIVITY SHEET IN ATTACHMENT B FOR MORE INFORMATION)
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6.0 Implementing this Pollution Source Control Program
This section provides general guidance for implementation of this Pollution Source Control Program for
your site. While not a comprehensive list of steps to implement this program, the following information
will assist in using this document effectively. Inspection tasks, record keeping, and reporting should be
completed in conjunction with your Stormwater Facility Maintenance Program, if applicable to your site.
6.1 Formation of a Pollution Prevention Team (S101)
The person designated as Program Operator for the site or business shall be responsible for stormwater
pollution control. The Program Operator – or their designee – will hold regular meetings with the team
to review the overall operation of the BMPs in this program. The Program Operator will establish
responsibilities for inspections, operation, maintenance, and for emergencies. The Program Operator
will be responsible for training all team members and employees in the operation, maintenance,
inspection of BMPs, and reporting procedures. The Program Operator will be the primary contact for
the City of Yelm regarding this Pollution Source Control Program and its implementation.
6.2 Employee Training (S105)
Training programs may be tailored as necessary by the Program Operator. At a minimum, all employees
that work in pollutant source areas shall have training in:
• Identifying pollutant sources
• Understanding pollutant control measures and BMPs
• Responding to spills
• Pollutant handling practices that are environmentally acceptable. Particularly those related to
vehicle/equipment liquids such as fuels, and vehicle/equipment cleaning.
6.3 Inspections (S106)
Qualified personnel shall conduct visual inspections monthly. Inspectors shall make and maintain a
record of each inspection on-site. Inspections shall:
• Verify the accuracy of the pollutant source descriptions in this program.
• Verify the performance of the stormwater operational and structural source controls and
treatment BMPs.
• Reflect current conditions on the site.
• Include written observations of the presence of floating materials, suspended solids, oil and
grease, discoloration, turbidity and odor in the stormwater discharges; in outside vehicle
maintenance/repair; and liquid handling, and storage areas. In areas where acid or alkaline
materials are handled or stored use a simple litmus or pH paper to identify those types of
stormwater contaminants where needed.
• Eliminate or obtain a permit for unpermitted non-stormwater discharges to storm drains or
receiving waters, such as process wastewater and vehicle/equipment washwater.
When site inspections warrant or activities on the site are no longer applicable to the BMPs found in this
program, this Pollution Source Control Program document shall be revised by the Program Operator as
necessary to comply with local, state, and federal water quality requirements. For assistance in revising
your Pollution Source Control Program, contact City of Yelm Public Works for guidance.
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6.4 Record Keeping (S107)
Program Operators shall retain the following reports for five years:
• Visual inspection reports which should include:
o Time and date of the inspection
o Locations inspected
o Statement on status of compliance with your permit (if you hold a NPDES Permit with
Washington State Department of Ecology)
o Summary report of any remediation activities required
o Name, title, and signature of person conducting the inspection
• Reports on spills of oil or hazardous substances in greater than Reportable Quantities (Code of
Federal Regulations Title 40 Parts 302.4 and 117). Report spills of the following: antifreeze, oil,
gasoline, or diesel fuel, that cause:
o A violation of the State of Washington's Water Quality Standards
o A film, sheen, or discoloration of the waters of the State or adjoining shorelines
o A sludge or emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon adjoining
shorelines
• To report a spill or to determine if a spill is a substance of a Reportable Quantity, call the
Washington State Department of Ecology regional office and ask for an oil spill operations or a
dangerous waste specialist:
Northwest Region (425) 649-7000
Southwest Region (360) 407-6300
Eastern Region (509) 329-3400
Central Region (509) 575-2490
In addition, call the Washington Emergency Management Division at 1-800-258-5990 or 1-800-
OILS-911 AND the National Response Center at 1-800-424-8802.
Also, refer to Emergency Spill Response in Washington State, Publication # 97-1165-CP.
• Maintain records of all related pollutant control and pollutant generating activities such as
training, materials purchased, material use and disposal, maintenance performed, etc.
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APPENDIX A
Commercial and Industrial Activities Worksheet
This worksheet and the associated BMPs are organized by business activity. The goal of BMPs is to
ensure that only uncontaminated stormwater is discharged into any stormwater drainage system.
Complete the entire worksheet by checking the appropriate boxes for all activities that occur at your
workplace. If you checked off any of the activities that are being performed outdoors or can drain to
the stormwater drainage system, use the activity code on the worksheet to find the BMPs
recommended for you in Volume IV of the Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual
for Western Washington. If you perform an activity indoors and control all discharges from the activity
(e.g., process water, washwater, lubricants, solvents, fugitive dust, granular material, blow down waste)
so that no stormwater exposure occurs, you do not have to institute BMPs for that activity.
If you have questions, please contact the City of Yelm Public Works at (360) 458-8406 or by email at
pwd@ci.yelm.wa.us. They can provide assistance over the phone and at your business site.
BMP #
Type of Activity
Check if You Are
Involved in This
Indoor Outdoor
Cleaning and Washing Activities Source Control BMPs
S431 Washing, Pressure Washing, and Steam Cleaning of
Vehicles/Equipment/Building Structures
• Includes cleaning and washing at all types of establishments, including
fleet vehicle yards, car dealerships, car washes, and maintenance
facilities.
S434 Dock Washing
S441 Potable Water Line Flushing, Water Tank Maintenance, and Hydrant
Testing
S453 Washing Light Rail Elevated Guideways
S454 Washing Light Rail Vehicles
Roads, Ditches, and Parking Lots Source Control BMPs
S405 Deicing and Anti-Icing Operations - Airports
S406 Streets and Highways
S415 Maintenance of Public and Private Utility Corridors and Facilities
S416 Maintenance of Roadside Ditches
S417 Maintenance of Stormwater Drainage Systems and Stormwater
Management
S421 Parking and Storage for Vehicles and Equipment
• Includes public and commercial parking lots.
S430 Urban Streets
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BMP #
Type of Activity
Check if You Are
Involved in This
Indoor Outdoor
Soil Erosion, Sediment Control, and Landscaping Source Control BMPs
S407 Dust Control at Disturbed Land Areas and Unpaved Roadways and
Parking Lots
S408 Dust Control at Manufacturing Areas
S411 Landscaping and Vegetation Management Activities, Including Vegetation
Removal, Herbicide and Insecticide Application, Fertilizer Application,
Irrigation, Watering, Gardening, and Lawn Care
• Includes businesses involved in landscaping, applying pesticides and
managing vegetation.
• Includes specific requirements for stormwater facilities located within
a City drinking water (wellhead) protection area.
S425 Soil Erosion and Sediment Control at Industrial Sites
S435 Pesticides and an Integrated Pest Management Program
S444 Storage of Dry Pesticides and Fertilizers
S449 Nurseries and Greenhouses
S450 Irrigation
Storage and Stockpiling Activities Source Control BMPs
S427 Storage of Liquid, Food Waste, or Dangerous Waste Containers
• Includes containers located outside a building and used for
temporary storage.
S428 Storage of Liquids in Permanent Aboveground Tanks
• Includes all liquids in aboveground tanks.
S429 Storage or Transfer (Outside) of Solid Raw Materials, By -products, or
Finished Products
S445 Temporary Fruit Storage
Transfer of Liquid or Solid Materials Source Control BMPs
S409 Fueling At Dedicated Stations
S412 Loading and Unloading Areas for Liquid or Solid Material
S419 Mobile Fueling of Vehicles and Heavy Equipment
S426 Spills of Oil and Hazardous Substances
S439 In-Water and Over-Water Fueling
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BMP #
Type of Activity
Check if You Are
Involved in This
Indoor Outdoor
Other Source Control BMPs
S401 Building, Repair, and Maintenance of Boats and Ships
S402 Commercial Animal Handling Areas
S403 Commercial Composting
S404 Commercial Printing Operations
S413 Log Sorting and Handling
S414 Maintenance and Repair of Vehicles and Equipment
S418 Manufacturing Activities - Outside
S420 Painting / Finishing / Coating of Vehicles / Boats / Buildings / Equipment
S422 Railroad Yards
S423 Recyclers and Scrap Yards
S424 Roof / Building Drains at Manufacturing and Commercial Buildings
S432 Wood Treatment Areas
S433 Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Fountains
S436 Color Events
S438 Construction Demolition
S440 Pet Waste
S442 Labeling Storm Drain Inlets On Your Property
S443 Fertilizer Application
S446 Well, Utility, Directional, and Geotechnical Drilling
S447 Roof Vents
S451 Building Repair, Remodeling, Painting, and Construction
S452 Goose Waste
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APPENDIX B
Activity Sheets
Best Management Practices for Commercial and Industrial Activities
This Appendix coordinates with the worksheet in Appendix A. That worksheet and the BMPs listed are
organized by the different activities that businesses perform. Use the Activity Sheets in Volume IV of the
Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington to prepare a summary
of the applicable required and suggested BMPs for inclusion in Table 2 of this document.
If you checked the column for activities performed outdoors, match the number from the worksheet to
the activities listed in SWMMWW Volume IV, Section IV-1 to IV-7 to find the suggested BMPs you should
implement. You may make photocopies of the applicable Activity Sheets and insert them in this
section.
Explanation of Required BMPs
Every business in City of Yelm is required to use the BMPs described in the SWMMWW to control
stormwater pollution. In some instances, there are BMPs mandated by various federal, state, or county
laws. If you are subject to those laws and regulations via another permit or formal regulatory approval,
you are encouraged, but not required to use additional BMPs to further protect water quality.
The BMPs outlined in this section are focused on source control: that is, methods to prevent pollution
from reaching stormwater in the first place. The use of source control BMPs is always the first line of
defense in stormwater pollution prevention.
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l Consider installing an aircraft de/anti-icing chemical recovery system, or contract with a
chemical recycler.
Applicable BMPs for Airport Runways/Taxiways:
l Avoid excessive application of all de/anti-icing chemicals. Do not apply more chemicals
than necessary to achieve the necessary amount of ice removal or prevention. The chem-
icals could contaminate stormwater.
l Store and transfer de/anti-icing materials on an impervious containment pad or an equi-
valent containment area and/or under cover in accordance with S429 BMPs for Storage or
Transfer (Outside) of Solid Raw Materials, Byproducts, or Finished Products. Consider
other material storage and transfer approaches only if the de/anti-icer material will not con-
taminate stormwater.
Recommended Additional BMPs for Airport Runways/Taxiways:
l Include limits on toxic materials and phosphorus in the specifications for de/anti-icers,
where applicable.
l Consider using anti-icing materials rather than deicers if it will result in less adverse envir-
onmental impact.
l Select cost-effective de/anti-icers that cause the least adverse environmental impact.
S406 BMPs for Streets and Highways
Description of Pollutant Sources: These BMPs apply to the maintenance and deicing/anti-icing
of streets and highways. Deicing products can be conveyed during storm events to inlets/catch
basins or to receiving waters after application. Leaks and spills of these products can also occur
during their handling and storage. Equipment and processes using during maintenance can con-
tribute pollutants such as oil and grease, suspended solids, turbidity, high pH, and metals.
Pollutant Control Approach: Apply good housekeeping practices, preventive maintenance,
properly train employees, and use materials that cause less adverse effects on the environment.
Applicable BMPs:
Deicing and Anti-Icing Operations
l Adhere to manufacturer's guidelines and industry standards of use and application.
l Store and transfer deicing and anti-icing materials on impervious containment pads, or an
equivalent spill/leak containment area in accordance with S429 BMPs for Storage or Trans-
fer (Outside) of Solid Raw Materials, Byproducts, or Finished Products.
l Sweep/clean up accumulated deicing and anti-icing materials and grit from roads as soon
as possible after the road surface clears.
2024 Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington
Volume IV -Chapter 3 -Page 560
l Minimize use in areas where runoff or spray from the roadway immediately enters sensitive
areas such as fish-bearing streams.
Maintenance Operations
l Use drip pans or absorbents wherever concrete, asphalt, asphalt emulsion, paint product,
and drips are likely to spill, such as beneath discharge points from equipment.
l Cover and contain nearby storm drains to keep runoff from entering the drainage system.
l Collect and contain all solids, slurry, and rinse water. Do not allow these to enter gutters,
storm drains, or drainage ditches or onto the paved surface of a roadway or driveway.
l Designate an area onsite for washing hand tools and collect that water for disposal.
l Conduct all fueling of equipment in accordance with S419 BMPs for Mobile Fueling of
Vehicles and Heavy Equipment.
l Do not use diesel fuel for cleaning or prepping asphalt tools and equipment.
l Sweep areas as frequently as needed. Collect all loose aggregate and dust for disposal. Do
not hose down areas into storm drains.
l Store all fuel, paint, and other products on secondary containment.
l Conduct paint striping operations during dry weather.
Recommended Additional BMPs:
l Where feasible and practicable, use roadway deicing chemicals that cause the least
adverse environmental impact. Apply only as needed using minimum quantities. Consider
the Pacific Northwest Snowfighters Qualified Products List when selecting roadway de-
icers and anti-icers.
l Intensify roadway and drainage structure cleaning in early spring to help remove par-
ticulates from road surfaces.
l Include limits on toxic metals in the specifications for de/anti-icers.
l Install catch basin inserts to collect excess sediment and debris as necessary. Inspect and
maintain catch basin inserts to ensure they are working correctly.
l Research admixtures (e.g. corrosion inhibitors, surfactants) to determine what additional
pollutants may be an issue. Verify with the local jurisdiction if there are any restrictions on
admixtures.
S415 BMPs for Maintenance of Public and Private
Utility Corridors and Facilities
Description of Pollutant Sources: Corridors and facilities at petroleum product pipelines, nat-
ural gas pipelines, water pipelines, electrical power transmission corridors, and rights-of-way can
2024 Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington
Volume IV -Chapter 3 -Page 561
S417 BMPs for Maintenance of Stormwater
Drainage Systems and Stormwater Management
BMPs
Description of Pollutant Sources: Facilities include roadside catch basins on arterials and
within residential areas, stormwater conveyance systems, detention BMPs such as ponds and
vaults, oil/water separators, biofilters, settling basins, infiltration systems, and all other types of
stormwater management BMPs presented in Volume V. Oil and grease, hydrocarbons, debris,
heavy metals, sediments, and contaminated water are found in catch basins, oil and water sep-
arators, settling basins, etc.
Pollutant Control Approach: Provide maintenance and cleaning of debris, sediments, and other
pollutants from stormwater collection, conveyance, and Runoff Treatment and Flow Control BMPs
to maintain proper operation.
Applicable Operational BMPs:
Maintain stormwater management BMPs per the operations and maintenance (O&M) procedures
presented in Appendix V-A: BMP Maintenance Tables, in addition to the following BMPs:
l Inspect and clean stormwater management BMPs, conveyance systems, and catch basins
as needed, and determine necessary O&M improvements.
l Promptly repair any deterioration threatening the structural integrity of stormwater facilities.
These include replacement of clean-out gates, catch basin lids, and rock in emergency spill-
ways.
l Ensure adequacy of storm sewer capacities and prevent heavy sediment discharges to the
sewer system.
l Regularly remove debris and sludge from BMPs used for peak-rate control, treatment, etc.
and discharge to a sanitary sewer if approved by the sewer authority, or truck to an appro-
priate local or state government approved disposal site.
l Clean catch basins when the depth of deposits reaches 60 percent of the sump depth as
measured from the bottom of basin to the invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin.
However, in no case should there be less than six inches clearance from the debris surface
to the invert of the lowest pipe. Some catch basins (for example, WSDOT's Catch Basin
Type 1L (WSDOT, 2011b)) may have as little as 12 inches sediment storage below the
invert. These catch basins need frequent inspection and cleaning to prevent scouring.
Where these catch basins are part of a stormwater collection and treatment system, the sys-
tem owner/operator may choose to concentrate maintenance efforts on downstream con-
trol devices as part of a systems approach.
l Properly dispose of all solids, polluted material, and stagnant water collected through sys-
tem cleaning. Do not decant water back into the drainage system from eductor trucks or
vacuum equipment since there may be residual contaminants in the cleaning equipment.
Do not jet material downstream into the public drainage system.
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l Clean woody debris in a catch basin as frequently as needed to ensure proper operation of
the catch basin.
l Post warning signs; “Dump No Waste - Drains to Groundwater,” “Streams,” “Lakes,” or
emboss on or adjacent to all storm drain inlets where possible. See S442 BMPs for Label-
ing Storm Drain Inlets On Your Property.
l Disposal of sediments and liquids from the catch basins must comply with Appendix IV-B:
Management of Street Waste Solids and Liquids.
S421 BMPs for Parking and Storage of Vehicles
and Equipment
Description of Pollutant Sources: Public and commercial parking lots such as retail store, fleet
vehicle (including rent-a-car lots and car dealerships), equipment sale and rental parking lots, and
parking lot driveways, can be sources of toxic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds, includ-
ing oils and greases, metals, and suspended solids.
Pollutant Control Approach: If the parking lot meets the site use thresholds used to determine if
the site is expected to generate high concentrations of oil, as defined in Step 2: Determine if an Oil
Control BMP is Required in III-1.2 Choosing Your Runoff Treatment BMPs, provide oil removal
equipment for the contaminated stormwater runoff.
Applicable Operational BMPs:
l If a parking lot must be washed, discharge the washwater to a sanitary sewer, if allowed by
the local sewer authority, or other approved wastewater treatment system, or collect wash-
water for off-site disposal.
l Do not hose down the area to a storm sewer or receiving water. Vacuum sweep parking
lots, storage areas, and driveways regularly to collect dirt, waste, and debris. Mechanical or
hand sweeping may be necessary for areas where a vacuum sweeper cannot reach.
l Clean up vehicle and equipment fluid drips and spills immediately.
l Place drip pans below leaking vehicles (including inoperative vehicles and equipment) in a
manner that catches leaks or spills, including employee vehicles. Drip pans must be man-
aged to prevent overfilling and the contents disposed of properly.
Recommended Operational BMPs:
l Encourage employees to repair leaking personal vehicles.
l Encourage employees to carpool or use public transit through incentives.
l Encourage customers to use public transit by rewarding valid transit pass holders with dis-
counts.
l Install catch basin inserts to collect excess sediment and oil if necessary. Inspect and main-
tain catch basin inserts to ensure they are working correctly.
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Applicable Treatment BMPs:
Establishments subject to high-use intensity are significant sources of oil contamination of storm-
water. Examples of potential high use areas include customer parking lots at fast food stores, gro-
cery stores, taverns, restaurants, large shopping malls, discount warehouse stores, quick-lube
shops, and banks.
Refer to Step 2: Determine if an Oil Control BMP is Required in III-1.2 Choosing Your Runoff Treat-
ment BMPs for the site use thresholds that determine if an oil control BMP is required, and for a
list of oil control BMPs.
S430 BMPs for Urban Streets
Description of Pollutant Sources: Urban streets can be the source of vegetative debris, paper,
fine dust, vehicle liquids, tire and brake wear residues, heavy metals (lead and zinc), soil particles,
ice control salts, domestic wastes, lawn chemicals, and vehicle combustion products. Street sur-
face contaminants contain significant concentrations of particle sizes less than 250 microns (Sar-
tor and Boyd, 1972).
Pollutant Control Approach: Conduct efficient street sweeping where and when appropriate to
minimize the contamination of stormwater. Do not wash street debris into storm drains.
Facilities not covered under the Industrial Stormwater General Permit may consider a minimum
amount of water washing of streets. All facilities must comply with their local stormwater require-
ments for discharging to storm sewers. Municipal NPDES permittees are required to limit street
wash water discharges and may have special conditions or treatment requirements.
Recommended BMPs:
l For maximum stormwater pollutant reductions on curbed streets and high volume parking
lots, use efficient vacuum sweepers.
Note: High-efficiency street sweepers utilize strong vacuums and the mechanical action of
main and gutter brooms combined with an air filtration system that only returns clean air to
the atmosphere (i.e., filters very fine particulates). They sweep dry and use no water since
they do not emit any dust.
High-efficiency vacuum sweepers have the capability of removing 80 percent or more of the
accumulated street dirt particles whose diameters are less than 250 microns (Sutherland et
al., 1998). This assumes pavements under good condition and reasonably expected accu-
mulation conditions.
l For moderate stormwater pollutant reductions on curbed streets use regenerative air
sweepers or tandem sweeping operations.
Note: A tandem sweeping operation involves a single pass of a mechanical sweeper fol-
lowed immediately by a single pass of a vacuum sweeper or regenerative air sweeper.
o A regenerative air sweeper blows air down on the pavement to entrain particles and
uses a return vacuum to transport the material to the hopper.
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IV-4 Soil Erosion, Sediment Control, and
Landscaping Source Control BMPs
S407 BMPs for Dust Control at Disturbed Land
Areas and Unpaved Roadways and Parking Lots
Note: Contact the local air quality authority for appropriate and required BMPs for dust control to
implement at your project site. See the following web address to determine the air quality authority
for the project site:
https://ecology.wa.gov/About-us/Our-role-in-the-community/Partnerships-committees/Clean-air-
agencies
Description of Pollutant Sources: Dust can cause air and water pollution problems particularly
at demolition sites and in arid areas where reduced rainfall exposes soil particles to transport by
air.
Pollutant Control Approach: Minimize dust generation and apply environmentally friendly and
government approved dust suppressant chemicals, if necessary.
Applicable Operational BMPs:
l Sprinkle or wet down soil or dust with water as long as it does not result in a wastewater dis-
charge.
l Use only dust suppressant chemicals that are approved by the local jurisdiction and/or state
government such as those listed in Methods for Dust Control (Ecology, 2016b).
l Avoid excessive and repeated applications of dust suppressant chemicals. Time the applic-
ation of dust suppressants to avoid or minimize their wash-off by rainfall or human activity
such as irrigation.
l Apply stormwater containment to prevent the conveyance of sediment into storm drains or
receiving waters.
l Protect inlets/catch basins during application of dust suppressants.
l Ecology prohibits the use of motor oil for dust control. Take care when using lignin deriv-
atives and other high BOD chemicals in areas susceptible to contaminating surface water
or groundwater.
l Consult with Ecology and the local permitting authority on discharge permit requirements if
the dust suppression process results in a wastewater discharge to the ground, ground-
water, storm drain, or surface water.
l Street gutters, sidewalks, driveways, and other paved surfaces in the immediate area of the
activity must be swept regularly to collect and properly dispose of dust, dirt, loose debris,
and garbage.
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l Install catch basin filter socks on site and in surrounding catch basins to collect sediment
and debris. Maintain the filters regularly to prevent plugging.
Recommended Additional Operational BMPs for Roadways and Other
Trafficked Areas:
l Consider limiting use of off-road recreational vehicles on dust generating land.
l Consider graveling or paving unpaved permanent roads and other trafficked areas at muni-
cipal, commercial, and industrial areas.
l Consider paving or stabilizing shoulders of paved roads with gravel, vegetation, or local gov-
ernment approved chemicals.
l Encourage use of alternate paved routes, if available.
l Vacuum sweep fine dirt and skid control materials from paved roads soon after winter
weather ends or when needed.
l Consider using pre-washed traction sand to reduce dust emissions.
Additional Recommended Operational BMPs for Dust Generating Areas:
l Prepare a dust control plan. Helpful references include: Control of Open Fugitive Dust
Sources (Cowherd et al., 1988) and Fugitive Dust Background Document and Technical
Information Document for Best Available Control Measures (USEPA, 1992).
l Limit exposure of soil (dust source) as much as feasible.
l Stabilize dust-generating soil by growing and maintaining vegetation, mulching, topsoiling,
and/or applying stone, sand, or gravel.
l Apply windbreaks in the soil such as trees, board fences, tarp curtains, bales of hay, etc.
Note: Construction site dust control is covered in BMP C140: Dust Control.
S408 BMPs for Dust Control at Manufacturing
Areas
Note: Contact the local air quality authority for appropriate and required BMPs for dust control to
implement at your project site. See the following website to determine the air quality authority for
the project site:
https://ecology.wa.gov/About-us/Our-role-in-the-community/Partnerships-committees/Clean-air-
agencies
Description of Pollutant Sources: Industrial material handling activities can generate con-
siderable amounts of dust that is typically removed using exhaust systems. Mixing cement and
concrete products and handling powdered materials can also generate dust. Particulate materials
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that can cause air pollution include grain dust, sawdust, coal, gravel, crushed rock, cement, and
boiler fly ash. Air emissions can contaminate stormwater. The objective of this BMP is to reduce
the stormwater pollutants caused by dust generation and control.
Pollutant Control Approach: Prevent dust generation and emissions where feasible, regularly
clean-up dust that can contaminate stormwater, and convey dust contaminated stormwater to
proper treatment.
Applicable BMPs:
l Clean, as needed, powder material handling equipment and vehicles.
l Regularly sweep dust accumulation areas that can contaminate stormwater. Conduct
sweeping using vacuum filter equipment to minimize dust generation and to ensure optimal
dust removal.
l Use dust filtration/collection systems such as baghouse filters, cyclone separators, etc. to
control vented dust emissions that could contaminate stormwater. Control of zinc dusts in
rubber production is one example.
l Maintain on-site controls to prevent vehicle track-out.
l Maintain dust collection devices on a regular basis.
Recommended BMPs:
l In manufacturing operations, train employees to handle powders carefully to prevent gen-
eration of dust.
l Use water spray to flush dust accumulations to sanitary sewers where allowed by the local
sewer authority or to other appropriate treatment system.
l Use approved dust suppressants such as those listed in Methods for Dust Control (Eco-
logy, 2016b). Application of some products may not be appropriate in close proximity to
receiving waters or conveyances close to receiving waters. For more information, check
with Ecology or the local jurisdiction.
Recommended Treatment BMPs
Install sedimentation basins, wetponds, wetvaults, catch basin filters, vegetated filter strips, or
equivalent sediment removal BMPs.
S411 BMPs for Landscaping and Lawn / Vegetation
Management
Description of Pollutant Sources: Landscaping can include grading, soil transfer, vegetation
planting, and vegetation removal. Examples include weed control on golf course lawns, access
roads, and utility corridors and during landscaping; and residential lawn/plant care. Proper man-
agement of vegetation can minimize excess nutrients and pesticides.
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Pollutant Control Approach: Maintain appropriate vegetation to control erosion and the dis-
charge of stormwater pollutants. Prevent debris contamination of stormwater. Where practicable,
grow plant species appropriate for the site, or adjust the soil properties of the site to grow desired
plant species.
Applicable BMPs:
l Install engineered soil/landscape systems to improve the infiltration and regulation of storm-
water in landscaped areas.
l Select the right plants for the planting location based on proposed use, available main-
tenance, soil conditions, sun exposure, water availability, height, sight factors, and space
available.
l Ensure that plants selected for planting are not on the noxious weed list. For example, but-
terfly bush often gets planted as an ornamental but is actually on the noxious weed list.
The Washington State Noxious Weed List can be found at the following webpage:
https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/printable-noxious-weed-list
l Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm sewer systems.
l Do not blow vegetation or other debris into the drainage system.
l Dispose of collected vegetation such as grass clippings, leaves, sticks by composting or
recycling.
l Remove, bag, and dispose of class A and B noxious weeds in the garbage immediately.
l Do not compost noxious weeds as it may lead to spreading through seed or fragment if the
composting process is not hot enough.
l Use manual and/or mechanical methods of vegetation removal (pincer-type weeding tools,
flame weeders, or hot water weeders as appropriate) rather than applying herbicides,
where practical.
l Use at least an 8 inch "topsoil" layer with at least 8% organic matter to provide a sufficient
vegetation-growing medium.
o Organic matter is the least water-soluble form of nutrients that can be added to the
soil. Composted organic matter generally releases only between 2% and 10% of its
total nitrogen annually, and this release corresponds closely to the plant growth
cycle. Return natural plant debris and mulch to the soil, to continue recycling nutri-
ents indefinitely.
l Select the appropriate turfgrass mixture for the climate and soil type.
o Certain tall fescues and rye grasses resist insect attack because the symbiotic endo-
phytic fungi found naturally in their tissues repel or kill common leaf and stem-eating
lawn insects.
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n The fungus causes no known adverse effects to the host plant or to humans.
n Tall fescues and rye grasses do not repel root-feeding lawn pests such as
Crane Fly larvae.
n Tall fescues and rye grasses are toxic to ruminants such as cattle and sheep
o Endophytic grasses are commercially available; use them in areas such as parks or
golf courses where grazing does not occur.
o Local agricultural or gardening resources such as the Washington State University
Extension office can offer advice on which types of grass are best suited to the area
and soil type.
l Use the following seeding and planting BMPs, or equivalent BMPs, to obtain information on
grass mixtures, temporary and permanent seeding procedures, maintenance of a recently
planted area, and fertilizer application rates:
o BMP C120: Temporary and Permanent Seeding
o BMP C121: Mulching
o BMP C123: Plastic Covering
o BMP C124: Sodding
l Adjusting the soil properties of the subject site can assist in selection of desired plant spe-
cies. Consult a soil restoration specialist for site-specific conditions.
Recommended Additional BMPs:
l Conduct mulch-mowing whenever practicable.
l Use native plants in landscaping. Native plants do not require extensive fertilizer or pesti-
cide applications. Native plants may also require less watering.
l Use mulch or other erosion control measures on soils exposed for more than:
o one week during the dry season (May 1 to September 30), or
o 2 days during the wet season (October 1 to April 30).
l Till a topsoil mix or composted organic material into the soil to create a well-mixed transition
layer that encourages deeper root systems and drought-resistant plants.
l Apply an annual topdressing application of 3/8 inches of compost. Amending existing land-
scapes and turf systems by increasing the percentage of organic matter and depth of top-
soil can:
o Substantially improve the permeability of the soil.
o Increase the disease and drought resistance of the vegetation.
o Reduce the demand for fertilizers and pesticides.
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l Disinfect gardening tools after pruning diseased plants to prevent the spread of disease.
l Prune trees and shrubs in a manner appropriate for each species.
l If specific plants have a high mortality rate, assess the cause and replace with another
more appropriate species.
l When working around and below mature trees, follow the most current American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) ANSI A300 standards (see http://www.t-
cia.org/TCIA/BUSINESS/ANSI_A300_Standards_/TCIA/BUSINESS/A300_Stand-
ards/A300_Standards.aspx?hkey=202ff566-4364-4686-b7c1-2a365af59669) and
International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) BMPs to the extent practicable (e.g. take care to
minimize any damage to tree roots and avoid compaction of soil).
l Monitor tree support systems (stakes, guys, etc.).
o Repair and adjust as needed to provide support and prevent tree damage.
o Remove tree supports after one growing season or maximum of 1 year.
o Backfill stake holes after removal.
l When continued, regular pruning (more than one time during the growing season) is
required to maintain visual sight lines for safety or clearance along a walk or drive, consider
relocating the plant to a more appropriate location.
l Make reasonable attempts to remove and dispose of class C noxious weeds.
l Re-seed bare turf areas until the vegetation fully covers the ground surface.
l Watch for and respond to new occurrences of especially aggressive weeds such as Him-
alayan blackberry, Japanese knotweed, morning glory, English ivy, and reed canary grass
to avoid invasions.
l Plant and protect trees per BMP T5.16: Tree Retention and Tree Planting.
l Aerate lawns regularly in areas of heavy use where the soil tends to become compacted.
Conduct aeration while the grasses in the lawn are growing most vigorously. Remove lay-
ers of thatch greater than ¾-inch deep.
l Set the mowing height at the highest acceptable level and mow at times and intervals
designed to minimize stress on the turf. Generally mowing only 1/3 of the grass blade
height will prevent stressing the turf.
o Mowing is a stress-creating activity for turfgrass.
o Grass decreases its productivity when mowed too short and there is less growth of
roots and rhizomes. The turf becomes less tolerant of environmental stresses, more
disease prone and more reliant on outside means such as pesticides, fertilizers, and
irrigation to remain healthy.
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Additional BMP Information:
l King County's Best Management Practices for Golf Course Development and Operation
(King County, 1993) has additional BMPs for Turfgrass Maintenance and Operation.
l King County, Seattle Public Utilities, and the Saving Water Partnership have created the fol-
lowing natural lawn and garden care resources that include guidance on building healthy
soil with compost and mulch, selecting appropriate plants, watering, using alternatives to
pesticides, and implementing natural lawn care techniques.
n Natural Yard Care - Five steps to make your piece of the planet a healthier place to
live (King County and SPU, 2008)
n The Natural Lawn & Garden Series: Smart Watering (Saving Water Partnership,
2006)
n Natural Lawn Care for Western Washington (Saving Water Partnership, 2007)
n The Natural Lawn & Garden Series: Growing Healthy Soil; Choosing the Right
Plants; and Natural Pest, Weed and Disease Control (Saving Water Partnership,
2012)
l The International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) is a group that promotes the professional
practice of arboriculture and fosters a greater worldwide awareness of the benefits of trees
through research, technology, and education. ISA standards used for managing trees,
shrubs, and other woody plants are the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A300
standards. The ANSI A300 standards are voluntary industry consensus standards
developed by the Tree Care Industry Association (TCIA) and written by the Accredited
Standards Committee (ASC). The ANSI standards can be found on the ISA website:
www.isa-arbor.com/education/publications/index.aspx
l Washington State University's Gardening in Washington State website at http://garden-
ing.wsu.edu contains Washington State specific information about vegetation management
based on the type of landscape.
l See the Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook (Pscheidt and Ocamb,
2016) for information on disease recognition and for additional resources.
S425 BMPs for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control
at Industrial Sites
Description of Pollutant Sources: Industrial activities on soil areas, exposed and disturbed
soils, steep grading, etc. can be sources of sediments that can contaminate stormwater runoff.
Pollutant Control Approach: Limit the exposure of erodible soil, stabilize, or cover erodible soil
where necessary to prevent erosion, and/or provide treatment for stormwater contaminated with
TSS caused by eroded soil.
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Applicable Structural BMPs:
l Use windbreaks or other means (e.g. pot in pot) to minimize plant blowover. (FDACS, 2014)
l Cover potting areas with a permanent structure to minimize movement of loose soil. Use a
temporary structure if a permanent structure is not feasible. (Haver, 2014)
l Control runoff from central potting locations that have a watering station used to irrigate
plants immediately after potting. Implement one of the following actions:
o Collect runoff in a small basin and reuse the runoff.
o Route runoff through an onsite vegetative treatment area.
o Use a graveled area and allow runoff to infiltrate.
l Surround soil storage and compost storage areas with a berm or wattles.
l Utilize a synthetic (geotextile) groundcover material to stabilize disturbed areas and prevent
erosion in areas where vegetative cover is not an option. (FDACS, 2014)
l In areas with a large amount of foot traffic, use appropriate aggregate such as rock and
gravel for stabilization. (FDACS, 2014)
l Store potting substrate that contains fertilizer in a dedicated area with an impermeable
base. If the storage area is not under a roof to protect it from rainfall, manage runoff by dir-
ecting it to a stormwater treatment area. (FDACS, 2014)
S450 BMPs for Irrigation
Description of Pollutant Sources: Irrigation consists of discharges from irrigation water lines,
landscape irrigation, and lawn or garden watering. Excessive watering can lead to discharges of
chlorinated potable water runoff into drainage systems; it can also cause erosion; and negatively
affect plant health. Improper irrigation can encourage pest problems, leach nutrients, and make a
lawn completely dependent on artificial watering. Mosquito breeding habitats may form through
excessive watering.
Pollutant Control Approach: Limit the amount and location of watering to prevent runoff and dis-
charges to drainage systems.
Applicable Operational BMPs:
l Irrigate with the minimum amount of water needed. Never water at rates that exceed the
infiltration rate of the soil.
l Maintain all irrigation systems so that irrigation water is applied evenly and where it is
needed.
l Ensure sprinkler systems do not overspray vegetated areas resulting in excess water dis-
charging into the drainage system.
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l Inspect irrigated areas for excess watering. Adjust watering times and schedules to ensure
that the appropriate amount of water is being used to minimize runoff. Consider factors
such as soil structure, grade, time of year, and type of plant material in determining the
proper amounts of water for a specific area.
l Inspect irrigated areas regularly for signs of erosion and/or discharge.
l Place sprinkler systems appropriately so that water is not being sprayed on impervious sur-
faces instead of vegetation.
l Repair broken or leaking sprinkler nozzles as soon as possible.
l Appropriately irrigate lawns based on the species planted, the available water holding capa-
city of the soil, and the efficiency of the irrigation system.
o The depth from which a plant normally extracts water depends on the rooting depth of
the plant. Appropriately irrigated lawn grasses normally root in the top 6 to 12 inches
of soil; lawns irrigated on a daily basis often root in only the top 1 inch of soil.
l Do not irrigate plants during or immediately after fertilizer application. The longer the period
between fertilizer application and irrigation, the less fertilizer runoff occurs.
l Do not irrigate plants during or immediately after pesticide application (unless the pesticide
label directs such timing).
l Reduce frequency and/or intensity of watering as appropriate for the wet season (October 1
to April 30).
l Place irrigation systems to ensure that plants receive water where they need it. For
example, do not place irrigation systems downgradient of plant’s root zones on hillsides.
Recommended Operational BMPs:
l Add a tree bag or slow-release watering device (e.g., bucket with a perforated bottom) for
watering newly installed trees when irrigation system is not present.
l Water deeply, but infrequently, so that the top 6 to 12 inches of the root zone is moist.
l Use soaker hoses or spot water with a shower type wand when an irrigation system is not
present.
o Pulse water to enhance soil absorption, when feasible.
o Pre-moisten soil to break surface tension of dry or hydrophobic soils/mulch, followed
by several more passes. With this method, each pass increases soil absorption and
allows more water to infiltrate prior to runoff.
l Identify trigger mechanisms for drought-stress (e.g., leaf wilt, leaf senescence, etc.) of dif-
ferent species and water immediately after initial signs of stress appear.
l Water during drought conditions or more often if necessary to maintain plant cover.
l Adjust irrigation frequency and/or intensity as appropriate after plant establishment.
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l Annually inspect irrigation systems to ensure:
o That there are no blockages of sprayer nozzles.
o Sprayer nozzles are rotating as appropriate.
o Sprayer systems are still aligned with the plant locations and root zones.
l Consult with the local water utility, Conservation District, or Cooperative Extension office to
help determine optimum irrigation practices.
l Do not use chemigation and fertigation in irrigation systems. This will help avoid over-applic-
ation of pesticides and fertilizers.
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IV-5 Storage and Stockpiling Source Control
BMPs
S427 BMPs for Storage of Liquid, Food Waste, or
Dangerous Waste Containers
Description of Pollutant Sources: Steel and plastic drums with volumetric capacities of 55 gal-
lons or less are typically used at industrial facilities for container storage of liquids and powders.
The BMPs specified below apply to container(s) located outside a building. Use these BMPs when
temporarily storing potential pollution generating materials or wastes. These BMPs do not apply
when Ecology has permitted the business to store the wastes (see Standards for Solid Waste Con-
tainers in I-2.17 Other Regulations and Programs). Leaks and spills of pollutant materials during
handling and storage are the primary sources of pollutants. Oil and grease, acid/alkali pH, BOD,
and COD are potential pollutant constituents.
Pollutant Control Approach: Store containers in impervious containment under a roof or other
appropriate cover, or in a building. For storage areas on-site for less than 30 days, consider using
a portable temporary secondary system like that shown in Figure IV-5.1: Secondary Containment
System in lieu of a permanent system as described above.
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Figure IV-5.1: Secondary Containment System
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Applicable Operational BMPs:
l Place tight-fitting lids on all containers.
l Label all containers appropriately. Store containers so that the labels are clearly visible..
l Place drip pans beneath all mounted container taps and at all potential drip and spill loc-
ations during filling and unloading of containers.
l Inspect container storage areas regularly for corrosion, structural failure, spills, leaks, over-
fills, and failure of piping systems. Check containers daily for leaks/spills. Replace con-
tainers, and replace and tighten bungs in drums as needed.
l Empty drums containing residues should be stored to prevent stormwater from entering
drum closures. Cover or tilt drums to prevent stormwater from accumulating on the top of
empty drums and around drum closures.
l Store containers that do not contain free liquids in a designated sloped area with the con-
tainers elevated or otherwise protected from stormwater run-on. Comply with local fire
code.
l Secure drums when stored in an area where unauthorized persons may gain access in a
manner that prevents accidental spillage, pilferage, or any unauthorized use (see Figure IV-
5.2: Locking System for Drum Lid).
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Figure IV-5.2: Locking System for Drum Lid
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l If the material is a dangerous waste, the business owner must comply with any additional
Ecology requirements as specified in Ecology Requirements for Generators of Dangerous
Wastes within I-2.17 Other Regulations and Programs.
l Storage of flammable, ignitable, and reactive chemicals and materials must comply with the
stricter of local zoning codes, local fire codes, the Uniform Fire Code (UFC), UFC stand-
ards, or the National Electric Code.
l Have spill kits or cleanup materials near container storage areas.
l Clean up all spills immediately.
l Cover dumpsters, or keep them under cover, such as a lean-to, to prevent the entry of
stormwater. Keep dumpster lids closed.
l Replace or repair leaking garbage dumpsters, or install waterproof liners.
l Drain dumpsters and/or dumpster pads to sanitary sewer where approved by the sewer
authority.
l When collection trucks directly pick up roll-containers, ensure a filet is on both sides of the
curb to facilitate moving the dumpster.
Applicable Structural Source Control BMPs:
l Keep containers with dangerous waste, food waste, or other potential pollutant liquids
inside a building unless this is not feasible due to site constraints or Uniform/International
Fire Code requirements.
l Store containers in a designated area which is covered, bermed, diked, or paved and imper-
vious in order to contain leaks and spills (see Figure IV-5.3: Covered and Bermed Con-
tainment Area). Slope the secondary containment to drain into a dead-end sump for the
collection of leaks and small spills.
l For liquid materials, surround the containers with a dike as illustrated in Figure IV-5.3:
Covered and Bermed Containment Area. The dike must be of sufficient height to provide a
volume of either 10 percent of the total enclosed container volume or 110 percent of the
volume contained in the largest container, whichever is greater.
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Figure IV-5.3: Covered and Bermed Containment Area
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l Where material is temporarily stored in drums, use a containment system as illustrated, in
lieu of the above system (see Figure IV-5.1: Secondary Containment System).
l Place containers mounted for direct removal of a liquid chemical for use by employees
inside a containment area as described above. Use a drip pan during liquid transfer (see
Figure IV-5.4: Mounted Container with Drip Pan).
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Figure IV-5.4: Mounted Container with Drip Pan
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Applicable Treatment BMP:
Note this treatment BMP is for contaminated stormwater from drum storage areas.
l To discharge contaminated stormwater, pump it from a dead-end sump or catchment and
dispose of appropriately.
S428 BMPs for Storage of Liquids in Permanent
Aboveground Tanks
Description of Pollutant Sources: Aboveground tanks containing liquids (excluding uncon-
taminated water) may be equipped with a valved drain, vent, pump, and bottom hose connection.
Aboveground tanks may be heated with steam heat exchangers equipped with steam traps, if
required. Leaks and spills can occur at connections and during liquid transfer. Oil and grease,
organics, acids, alkalis, and heavy metals in tank water and condensate drainage can also cause
stormwater contamination at storage tanks.
Pollutant Control Approach: Install secondary containment or a double-walled tank. Slope the
containment area to a drain with a sump. Operators may need to discharge stormwater collected
in the containment area to a Runoff Treatment BMP such as BMP T11.10: API (Baffle type) Separ-
ator or BMP T11.11: Coalescing Plate (CP) Separator, or an equivalent BMP. Add safeguards
against accidental releases including protective guards around tanks to protect against vehicle or
forklift damage, and tagging valves to reduce human error. Tank water and condensate dis-
charges are process wastewater that may need an NPDES Permit.
Applicable Operational BMPs:
l Inspect the tank containment areas regularly for leaks/spills, cracks, corrosion, etc. to
identify problem components such as fittings, pipe connections, and valves.
l Place adequately sized drip pans beneath all mounted taps and drip/spill locations during
filling/unloading of tanks. Operators may need valved drain tubing in mounted drip pans.
l Vacuum sweep and clean the tank storage area regularly, if paved.
l Replace or repair tanks that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating.
l Storage of flammable, ignitable, and reactive chemicals and materials must comply with the
stricter of local zoning codes, local fire codes, the Uniform Fire Code (UFC), UFC stand-
ards, or the National Electric Code.
Applicable Structural BMPs:
l Locate permanent tanks in impervious (Portland cement concrete or equivalent) secondary
containment surrounded by dikes as illustrated in Figure IV-5.5: Above-Ground Tank Stor-
age, or use UL approved double-walled tanks. The dike must be of sufficient height to
provide a containment volume of either 10 percent of the total enclosed tank volume or 110
percent of the volume contained in the largest tank, whichever is greater.
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S442 BMPs for Labeling Storm Drain Inlets On
Your Property
Description of Pollutant Sources: Waste materials dumped into storm drain inlets can have
severe impacts on receiving waters. Posting notices regarding discharge prohibitions at storm
drain inlets can prevent waste dumping. Storm drain signs and stencils are highly visible source
controls that are typically placed directly adjacent to storm drain inlets.
Pollutant Control Approach: The stencil, affixed sign, or metal grate contains a brief statement
that prohibits dumping of improper materials into the urban runoff conveyance system. Storm
drain messages have become a popular method of alerting the public about the effects of and the
prohibitions against waste disposal.
Applicable Operational BMPs:
l Label storm drain inlets in residential, commercial, industrial areas, and any other areas
where contributions or dumping to storm drains is likely.
l Stencil or apply storm drain markers adjacent to storm drain inlets to help prevent the
improper disposal of pollutants. Or, use a storm drain grate stamped with warnings against
polluting.
l Place the marker in clear sight facing toward anyone approaching the inlet from either side.
l Use a brief statement and/or graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping. Examples
include:
o “No Dumping – Drains to Stream”
o “No Pollutants – Drains to Puget Sound”
o “Dump No Waste – Drains to Lake”
o “No Dumping – Puget Sound Starts Here”
l Check with your local jurisdiction to find out if they have approved specific signage and/or
storm drain message placards for use. Consult the local jurisdiction stormwater staff to
determine specific requirements for placard types and methods of application.
l Maintain the legibility of markers and signs. Signage on top of curbs tends to weather and
fade. Signage on face of curbs tends to be worn by contact with vehicle tires and sweeper
brooms.
l When painting stencils or installing markers, temporarily block the storm drain inlet so that
no pollutants are discharged from the labeling activities.
Recommended Operational BMPs:
Use a stencil in addition to a storm drain marker or grate to increase visibility of the message.
Reference for this BMP: (CASQA, 2003)
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Figure IV-7.7: Storm Drain Inlet Labels
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o Metal dust
o Grease from food preparation
o Solvents
o Hydrocarbons
o Fines
o Stone dust
l Look for chemical deposition around vents, pipes, and other surfaces.
l Install and maintain appropriate source control measures such as air pollution control equip-
ment (filters, scrubbers, and other treatment). (City of San José Environmental Services,
2004)
o Check that your scrubber solution is appropriate for the chemistry of the fumes.
o Install vent covers and drip pans where there are none.
o Prevent leaks in pipefittings and containment vessels with routine maintenance.
l Consider instituting operational or process changes to reduce pollution.
l If proper installation and maintenance of air pollution control equipment does not prevent
pollutant fallout on your roof, additional treatment of the roof runoff may be necessary.
o Install/provide appropriate devices for roof runoff before it is discharged off site. This
may include approved Runoff Treatment BMPs or structural stormwater treatment
BMPs.
l Maintain air filters and pollution control equipment on a regular basis to ensure they are
working properly. (The smell of odors from outside the building indicates that the pollution
control equipment may need maintenance or evaluation.)
l When cleaning accumulated emissions from roof tops, collect the washwater and loose
materials using a sump pump, wet vacuum, or similar device. Discharge the collected runoff
to the sanitary sewer after approval by the local sewer authority, or have a waste disposal
company remove it.
S451 BMPs for Building Repair, Remodeling,
Painting, and Construction
Description of Pollutant Sources: This activity refers to:
l The construction of buildings and other structures.
l Remodeling of existing buildings and houses.
l General exterior building repair work.
l Containment or removal of known or suspected exterior hazardous building materials.
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Pollutants of concern include toxic hydrocarbons, hazardous wastes, toxic organics (such as
PCBs), suspended solids, heavy metals, pH, oils, and greases.
PCBs were added to building materials before 1980 (such as caulk and other sealants, joint mater-
ials, paint, siding, roofing, and others), and now with age and weathering are at greater risk of
being dislodged during demolition and renovation activities. Particles containing PCBs can be
washed into the stormwater, contaminating the conveyance system and downstream water bod-
ies, if not properly managed. Prior to 1980, PCB-containing building materials were more often
used in public buildings such as schools, hospitals, universities, fire houses, police stations, gov-
ernment offices, military sites, as well as privately owned commercial and large multi-unit res-
idential buildings. Recently, guidance has been developed for characterizing and abating PCBs in
building materials that will undergo demolition or renovation (Ecology, 2024). The user should
refer to this document for more details on preventing PCBs from entering stormwater.
Pollutant Control Approach: Educate employees about the need to control site activities. Con-
trol leaks, spills, and loose material. Utilize good housekeeping practices. Regularly clean up
debris that can contaminate stormwater. Protect the drainage system from dirty runoff and loose
particles. Prevent PCB-containing dust and solids from entering stormwater and stormwater con-
veyances.
Applicable Operational BMPs:
l Identify, remove, and properly dispose of hazardous substances from the building before
beginning repairing or remodeling activities that could expose them to stormwater. Such
substances could include PCBs, asbestos, lead paint, mercury switches, and electronic
waste.
l Follow Ecology’s guidance document How to Find and Address PCBs in Building Materials
(Ecology, 2024) for PCB-containing building materials undergoing demolition or renovation.
l When removing suspected PCB-containing materials, avoid working in high wind con-
ditions or take extra precautions when working in wind strong enough to move dust and
debris. This could include constructing a wind screen of plastic at the edge of the ground-
cover to keep dust and debris from spreading.
l Contact the local jurisdiction’s stormwater program to inform them when PCB-containing
materials are, or are likely to be, present. They may be able to prioritize street sweeping
and/or storm drain pipe cleaning in the area.
l Educate employees about the need to control site activities to prevent stormwater pollution,
and also train them in spill cleanup procedures. Employees may also include maintenance
and landscaping staff working around buildings with exterior PCB-containing materials.
l At all times, have available at the work site spill cleanup materials appropriate to the chem-
icals used on site.
l Clean up the work site at the end of each work day. Put away materials (such as solvents)
indoors or cover and secure them, so that unauthorized individuals will not have access to
them.
l Sweep the area daily to collect loose litter, paint chips, grit, and dirt.
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l Use a HEPA vacuum below painted walls, caulking seams, windows, doors, downspouts,
and any specific exterior features known or suspected of containing PCBs.
l Do not dump any liquid on pavement, on the ground, in the storm drain, or toward the storm
drain, regardless of its content, unless it is clean water only.
l Place a drop cloth, where space and access permits, before beginning wood treating activ-
ities. Use drip pans in areas where drips are likely to occur if the area cannot be protected
with a drop cloth.
l Use ground or drop cloths underneath scraping and sandblasting work. Use ground cloths,
buckets, or tubs anywhere that work materials are laid down.
l Clean paint brushes and other tools covered with water-based paints in sinks connected to
sanitary sewers or in portable containers that can subsequently be dumped into a sanitary
sewer drain.
l Clean brushes and tools covered with non-water-based finishes or other materials in a man-
ner that enables collection of used solvents for recycling or proper disposal. Do not dis-
charge non-water-based finishes or paints or used solvents into the sanitary sewer, or any
other drain.
l Use storm drain covers, or similarly effective devices, to prevent dust, grit, washwater, or
other pollutants from escaping the work area. Place the cover or containment device over
the storm drain at the beginning of the work day. Collect and properly dispose of accu-
mulated dirty runoff and solids before removing the cover or device at the end of each work
day.
l If storm drain covers are not feasible, install and maintain filter inserts in all catch basins
that may receive stormwater from the work site (i.e. on the work site property and adjacent
street(s)).
l Refer to S431 BMPs for Washing and Steam Cleaning Vehicles / Equipment / Building
Structures for best management practices associated with pressure washing buildings.
Recommended Operational BMPs:
l Lightly spray water on the work site to control dust and grit that could blow away. Do not use
oils for dust control. Never spray to the point of water runoff from the site.
l Clean tools over a ground cloth or within a containment device such as a tub.
l Consider using filtered vacuuming to collect waste that may be hard to sweep, such as dust
on a drop cloth.
l If conducting work in wet weather conditions, consider setting up temporary cover when
scraping or pressure-washing lead-based paint.
l Use tools and work methods that generate the least dust and heat. Consider using manual
tools, as they generate less fine dust and heat.
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APPENDIX C
Annual Report Checklist
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SOURCE CONTROL ANNUAL REPORT CHECKLIST
Your stormwater pollution prevention plan should be reviewed at least annually and updated as required.
The following checklist should be completed and submitted to City of Yelm along with the annual
report required as part of your Stormwater Maintenance Agreement with City of Yelm. If your project
did not require a Stormwater Maintenance Agreement and Maintenance Plan then submittal of this
annual report is not required. If submittal is required, it should be mailed to: City of Yelm Public
Works; 901 NW Rhoton Rd, Yelm, WA 98597.
Annual reporting for stormwater facility inspections is due to the City of Yelm by August 31.
Business Name:
Address:
Assessor Tax Parcel Number:
Completed By:
Signature:
Date:
√ Activity Notes
Review Activity Checklist (Appendix A) – Verify still
current. List any new activities.
Review and Update Appendix B if new activities
are identified.
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√ Activity Notes
Review and Update Table 2 for New Activities
Was any employee training held? If so describe.
Review Table 2 and verify compliance. Attach copy
indicating each item has been checked.
Describe any significant events such as spills, illicit
discharges detected/fixed, etc.
Was catch basin cleaning conducted? If so when,
and by what company?
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√ Activity Notes
Conduct visual inspection of property for evidence
of leaks, improper operations, etc. Note any items
requiring attention.
Is a copy of Table 2 posted where visible to
employees?
Have any additional structural or treatment BMPs
been implemented on the site since the last
annual report was submitted? If so describe.
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√ Activity Notes
Any other items related to stormwater source
control not noted above. Describe.
66
√ Activity Notes
Do you desire any technical assistance from City of
Yelm related to stormwater issues? If so,
indicate contact person and phone number.
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